<h3 style='margin:5px 0 20px'>Text from the patent</h3> Manual resuscitators using self-inflating bags or Ambu bags are well recognized in the prior art. The AMBU-bags or self-inflating bags are hand-held devices and are in wide spread use in medical and emergency treatment of patients and commonly used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or not breathing adequately. They are designed for manually squeezing, such as by a doctor, nurse, orderly, EMT or other medical service provider. Their usage includes, for example, respiration a patient in the field and/or during transport to a hospital. <br /> <br /> AMBU-bags or self-inflating bags are primarily used for keeping a patient respirated during movement from one location to another or during procedures such as "cardio-pulmonary resuscitation", often times referred to as "CPR". During such procedure, it is necessary to supply the patient with large quantities of air or oxygen. In addition to forcing a volume of air to the patient, such devices must also take into account the fact that the patient may inhale or exhale under his or her own ability. <br /> <br /> Use of manual resuscitators to ventilate a patient is frequently called „bagging the patient‟, and is regularly necessary for medical emergencies when the patient's breathing is insufficient (Respiratory Failure) or has ceased completely (Respiratory Arrest). Use of the manual resuscitator force-feeds air or oxygen into the lungs in order to inflate them under pressure, thus constituting a means to manually provide positive-pressure ventilation. It is used by medical professionals in case of emergencies and during inter-hospital and intra-hospital transit of ventilator-dependent patients. In developing and under-developed countries, it is used for long durations mainly due to unavailability of an ICU bed with a ventilator or absence of a portable transport-ventilator. One major issue with this practice is that untrained persons, usually the <br /> patients care-taker is asked to do the bagging due to lack of trained staff. This results in the patient being ventilated at suboptimal and often unsafe rates of pressure and frequency for very long durations at the hands of the caretaker. There have also been a high number of instances were the caretaker gives-up bagging the patient from mere exhaustion of the monotonous and repetitive task.<br /> <br /> Accordingly, there exists a need for a mechanism that overcomes the problems in the prior art and delivers Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV) by mechanically compressing the Ambu bag, and essentially automating the process of bagging. There is a long felt need for a cost-effective, portable, mechanism that ensures that the patients requiring a ventilator support get access to a safer alternative for prolonged manual ventilation at the peripheries

<h3 style='margin:5px 0 20px'>Text from the patent</h3> Figure 1shows a schematic of an electro-mechanical resuscitating apparatus for controlling expansion and compression of an Ambu bag in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Figure 1(a) and (b) illustrate perspective view of the apparatus 100 and Figure 1(c) and (d) illustrate front view of the apparatus 100. The apparatus 100 includes a first supporting arm 102 and a second supporting arm 104, wherein each of the first supporting arm 102 and second 5supporting arm 104 includes a coupling end 106 and a placement end 108 respectively, wherein a length of the each supporting arm between the coupling end 106 and the placement end 108 conforms to at least a portion of an outer surface area of the Ambu bag. The apparatus further includes a first coupling arm 110 and a second coupling arm 112 connected to each other through a plurality of connecting elements while maintaining a predetermined distance across respective lengths, wherein the first supporting arm 102 is rotatably fixed at a first end 114 between the first coupling arm 110 and the second coupling arm 112 and the second supporting arm 104 is rotatably fixed at a second end 116 between the first and second coupling arm 112. A first driving mechanism (not shown), and a second driving mechanism (not shown), is coupled to a first shaft 118 and a second shaft 120 respectively, wherein a front end of the first shaft 118 is coupled to the coupling end 106 of the first supporting arm 102 and a front end of the second shaft 120 is coupled to the coupling end 106 of the second supporting arm 104. A controller is communicatively coupled to the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism, wherein the controller (not shown) is configured to control the speed and direction of movement of the first shaft 118 and the second shaft 120 via the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism respectively, wherein an actuation of thefirst shaft 118 and second shaft 120 in a first direction enables movement of the placement end 108 of the respective first supporting arm 102 and the second supporting arm 104 toward the Ambu bag causing compression of the Ambu bag, wherein an actuation of the first shaft 118 and second shaft 120 in a second direction enables movement of the placement end 108 of the first supporting arm 102 and the second supporting arm 104 away from the Ambu bag causing expansion of the Ambu bag. Referring to Figure 1(a), it can be noticed that the first shaft 118 and second shaft 120 of the apparatus 100 are in an open (wide) position such that the suitably held Ambu bag will be in non-compressed or partially compressed in comparison to the Ambu bag held between the position of the first shaft 118 and second shaft 120 of the apparatus 100 indicated in Figure 1(b).<br /> In an embodiment, the placement end 108 of each of the first supporting arm 102 and second supporting arm 104 is adapted to support a plurality of rollers 122 to reduce frictional forces between the outer surface of the Ambu bag and the plurality of rollers 122. In an embodiment, the plurality of rollers 122 has a silicone coating on respective outer surfaces. To prevent wear of the Ambu bag surface and to maintain good surface contact, the rollers 122 will be coated with a layer of soft material like silicone. The rollers 122 may have any shape with a smooth contour to minimize localised pressure points while compressing the Ambu bag. The rollers 122 are provided to minimise contact friction on the Ambu bag surface, and reduce the force requirement from the motor. In another embodiment, the apparatus 100 further includes a first holding arm rotatably affixed near to the first end 114 between the between the first coupling arm 110 and second coupling arm 112 and a second holding arm rotatably affixed near to the second end 116 between the between the first coupling arm 110 and second coupling arm 112, wherein the Ambu bag is supported on the first and second holding arms. In another embodiment, the apparatus 100 further includes a spring loaded safety mechanism causing the first holding arm and the second holding arm to remain in a locked state while supporting the Ambu bag. In another embodiment, the at least one of the first and second driving mechanism comprises at least one of a hydraulic drive mechanism and a motor-based drive mechanism. In an implementation, the apparatus 100 may include a single drive mechanism. In another embodiment, the length and distance between axes of each of the first supporting arm 102 and second supporting arm 104 are proportional to a diameter of the Ambu bag. In another embodiment, the controller is further configured to receive input parameters from a user and control the speed and direction of movement of the first shaft 118 and the second shaft 120 in accordance with the input parameters. <br /> In another embodiment, the compression of the Ambu bag causes delivery of air or oxygen or both to a patient connected to the Ambu Bagand retraction of the Ambu Bag causes intake of fresh air or a predefined amount of oxygen or both into the Ambu Bag, in accordance with pre-defined Inspiratory-Expiratory Ratio (IE Ratio).In another embodiment, the controller is configured to perform atleast one of: control an amount of expansion and retraction of the Ambu bag to release a predetermined amount of air towards a patient in accordance with requirements of the patent; initiate actuation of the first and second driving mechanisms to assist in breathing of the patient when a current pressure at an outlet of the ambu bag is below a threshold pressure value. In another embodiment, the apparatus 100 further may include or connected to at least a flow sensor to determine the amount of air released toward the patient, wherein the controller is configured to initiate an alarm when the a released quantity of air is below a threshold quantity of air to be released; and a pressure relief/pop-off valve attached to a delivery end of the Ambu Bag, wherein said valve is configured to prevent air being delivered at excess/un-safe pressure to a patient. In another embodiment, the apparatus 100 further includes a battery case adapted to be coupled to at least one of the first coupling arm 110 and the second coupling arm 112. In another embodiment, the apparatus 100 further includes a case encapsulating at least the battery case, the controller, at least a portion of the first supporting arm 102 and second supporting arm 104, at least a portion of the firstcoupling arm 110 and second coupling arm 112 and at least a portion of the first and second holding arms.In an embodiment, the apparatus 100 may include suitable warning indicators and alarms for low-battery, charging from an un-compatible power source,excess pressure in the airway circuit or excessive resistance for the movement of the first shaft 118 and second shaft 120. Alarm may be triggered for any undesired change in parameters predetermined by the controller and set by the user.<br /> In an embodiment, the movement of first shaft 118 and second shaft 120 is synchronized and driven by a pair of gears and wherein one of these gears is connected to a motor which is controlled by the controller.

<h3 style='margin:5px 0 20px'>Text from the patent</h3> Figure 3 illustrates a schematic of the apparatus 100 illustrated in Figure 1 and 2, holding an Ambu bag, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen in Figure 3, the system 300 shows an Ambu bag 302 is suitably held by the apparatus 100 using the Ambu-holder. The Ambu bag 302 includes an air inlet 304 and oxygen inlet 306 that is configured to draw fresh air or oxygen from the atmosphere or from an external supply. An air outlet 308 is provided to supply air or oxygen or air oxygen mixture stored in the Ambu bag to the patient in need. The apparatus 100 further includes a case/ casing 310 encapsulating at least the battery case 128, the controller 130, at least a portion of the first supporting arm 102 and second supporting arm104, at least a portion of the first coupling arm 110 and second coupling arm 112 and at least a portion of the first and second holding arms. The casing 310 acts as a housing for covering the one or more components of the apparatus 100. The casing 310 isprovided with a suitable handle 312 for holding the system 300 or apparatus 100 along with or without the Ambu bag 302. A control knob 314 on the casing is further provided for controlling the speed, rate of movement of the first shaft 118 and second shaft 120 (not shown) of apparatus 100, thereby controlling compression and decompression of the Ambu bag, and in particularly controlling the supply of the air or or oxygen to the patient. The rollers 122 forming part of the apparatus 100 are suitably placed to maintain good surface contact with the Ambu bag 302 and are provided with a silicone coating on respective outer surfaces to prevent wear of the Ambu bag surface.

<h3 style='margin:5px 0 20px'>Text from the patent</h3> Referring to Figure 4, a block diagram of a system level architecture in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is provided. The system level architecture shall be read in line with the description provided in Figures 1-3 for explaining the operation of the present invention. The driving mechanisms (actuators), preferably, DC gear motors, are the prime driver for system, whose actuation is controlled by a Controller 130 (microcontroller 130), based on the input from the user, entered through an interface. The DC motors function to actuate the first and second shift with their suitable fitted rollers 122, against the surface of the Ambu bag, to cause a compression of the bag and driving air into the patient‟s lung through a connected endotracheal tube, working against the airway resistance. The first shaft 118 and second shaft 120retract after the required compression, allowing the Ambu bag to inflate and intake a fresh charge of air or supplemental oxygen or air-oxygen mixture. The DC motors reverse direction during this phase. This compressing and retraction (expansion) action will be performed at various strokes and rates based on the patient requirements. Once the desired delivery of air or air-oxygen is done, the Ambu bag inflates in the same manner as if it was manually squeezed and released thereby taking a fresh charge of air. The timing of the compression and retraction of the first shaft 118 and second shaft 120, the stroke-rate, is defined by the microcontroller 130 taking in the parameters such as the user-set frequency and the Inspiratory-Expiratory (IE) ratio. The IE Ratio of ventilation can be controlled by controlling the motors‟ forward and reverse speeds with the microcontroller 130. The user can have control over setting the IE Ratio according to the patient‟s requirement. The amount of collapse decides the air volume delivered to the patient while the flow rate will be controlled by the stroke rate. These strokes repeat in a cyclic manner, delivering the positive pressure for ventilation.